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339 articles Newest research first.
Market Efficiency

Investor Types & Market Behavior

Participants in the securities market can be divided into two groups: Smart investors conduct in-depth analysis of organizations and determine their intrinsic value, or more precisely, a range […]

November 25, 2024 Basic
ROIC

Stability of ROIC

What determines an organization’s value?Value = (Price – Cost) / Invested Capital Edward Mason’s Structure-Conduct-Performance model (which is based on Michael Porter’s frameworks) suggests that an organization’s created […]

November 25, 2024 Basic
Market Efficiency

Consensus Estimates Don’t Matter

Here’s another interesting nuance I came across in the work of McKinsey & Co. and their co-authors, which I want to share with you: Investment platforms for securities […]

November 25, 2024 Basic
Growth

GDP & Growth

the percentage of total market cap relative to the GNP is “probably the best single measure of where valuations stand at any given moment.” – Warren Buffett Is […]

November 25, 2024
Risk

Risk & Leverage

How Does Financing Structure Affect Risk? In essence, the financing structure does not impact the value of an organization. Value is created by the assets, and it doesn’t […]

November 25, 2024 Basic
Market Multiples

P/E – Multiple

Should Professionals Invest in Equities Based on P/E Ratios? Evaluating the Usefulness of P/E Ratios for Investment Decisions Many investors rely on the Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio as a […]

November 25, 2024 Basic
Risk

Expected Utility vs Prospect Theory

1. Bernoulli’s Utility Theory (Expected Utility Theory) Example: A person will prefer $10 for sure over a 50% chance of $20 because the utility of $10 is greater […]

November 21, 2024 Basic
Real Estate Development

Planning Fallacy

Delays in construction projects and massive budget overruns appear to be not just a Georgian problem. Daniel Kahneman, in his book Thinking, Fast and Slow, refers to this […]

November 19, 2024
Real Estate Development

What Creates a Housing Bubble?

In the construction-development sector, bubble formation can be stimulated by various factors, but I want to highlight two key systemic factors here: 1. The bullwhip effect, and 2. […]

November 14, 2024
Real Estate Investments

Indexed & Adaptive Rents

When leasing real estate through long-term contracts, there are two interesting practices that private investors often overlook: indexed and revenue-linked rent. Indexed Rent Indexed contracts provide a hedge […]

November 13, 2024 Advanced
Real Estate Development

Real Estate Sales Driver

How does borrowing change the return on your real estate investment? Worked examples explain how home-price growth and loan-to-value ratios amplify gains—and losses.

November 12, 2024 Advanced
VC Valuation

The Game Theory & Real Options

Game theory is a fascinating and complex discipline that requires years of study to master. Here, I’ll cover the main directions and strategic insights, and finally, upload Excel […]

November 5, 2024 Advanced
Derivatives

Binomial Trees

The appeal of valuing both financial and real options using binomial trees lies in their ability to evaluate more complex and nuanced situations. The Black-Scholes formula has many […]

November 4, 2024 Advanced
Investor Psychology

Sell in May and go away

Among investors in the securities market, there’s a saying: “Sell in May and go away.” Below is some supporting data, but what causes this? The chart below shows […]

November 2, 2024 Intermediate
VC Valuation

R&D Valuation

From the perspective of evaluating innovative projects, the model for releasing a new drug is very interesting. The process is fully regulated by the government, as neither the […]

October 29, 2024 Advanced
Derivatives

Value of Option

Financial options are equivalent to “the right to choose,” and they have their specific, calculable value… Besides financial options, there are real options, whose identification, creation, and utilization […]

October 28, 2024 Advanced
Growth

Representativeness in Growth Forecasting

Representativeness can heavily influence investor decisions and analyst forecasts. This cognitive bias leads us to assume that past performance will persist, making it a common source of error […]

October 27, 2024
VC Valuation

Valuation of Real Options

The valuation of real options can be approached in the same way as financial options, though the main issue here is finding the correct discount rate. To remind […]

October 24, 2024 Advanced