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Real Estate Development

6 Equations Stock-Flow Model

How do demand, rent, vacancy and delayed construction create real estate cycles? Explore the six-equation stock-flow model through a video, an interactive Office/Housing simulator and an illustrative Tbilisi housing adaptation.

January 28, 2025 Advanced
Real Estate Development

Property Life Cycle

A property has a life cycle—it is created, ages, depreciates, and is eventually redeveloped. Because of this, investors view real estate as comprising two parts: land value and […]

January 25, 2025 Advanced
Real Estate Development

City Development Models

Urban land use and density are shaped by economic principles and social factors. The classical monocentric city model provides a foundation for understanding urban spatial economics, but real-world […]

January 25, 2025 Advanced
Growth

How Uncertainty Creates Real Estate Value

When we discussed the monocentric city model, we described the value of real estate in terms of rents rather than prices. While rent levels are directly related to […]

January 23, 2025 Advanced
Real Estate Development

Monocentric City Model

The monocentric city model, despite its simplicity, provides fascinating insights into how cities form and what factors influence real estate prices, such as location, spatial growth, population growth, […]

January 21, 2025 Advanced
Real Estate Development

Residual Theory of Land Value

The demand for construction land is derived demand, not direct demand. Land serves as a production factor—it is not needed for final consumption but rather for hosting buildings […]

January 17, 2025 Advanced
Real Estate

Central Place Theory

Central Place Theory – Patterns of City Location

January 10, 2025 Advanced
Real Estate Development

Pattern of City Size – Zipf’s Law

Rank-Size Rule (also known as Zipf’s Law) states that a city’s population size tends to be proportional to the largest city’s population divided by the city’s rank (its […]

January 9, 2025 Advanced
Real Estate Development

DiPasquale-Wheaton 4-Quadrant Model: Interactive Guide

Why can property prices rise while rents barely move? Explore the DiPasquale–Wheaton four-quadrant model and use the interactive scenarios to see how demand, cap rates, construction costs and depreciation connect rents, asset prices, building incentives and the long-run stock of space.

January 8, 2025 Advanced
Real Estate Investments

Economic Base of the Growth of Cities

To assess the growth potential of a city, an analysis of its economic base is employed. What does this entail? The economic base of a city is divided […]

January 2, 2025 Advanced
Real Estate Investments

TWR VS IRR

To evaluate real estate, TWR (Time-Weighted Return) is often used instead of IRR (Internal Rate of Return). TWR represents the geometric mean of returns derived from operational income […]

December 25, 2024 Advanced
Real Estate Investments

Real Estate: Diversification & Inflation Hedge

Diversification is often a key factor driving investment in real estate. The charts below illustrate the efficient frontiers of two portfolios for the period 1978-2009. On the vertical […]

December 24, 2024 Advanced
Real Estate Investments

Disposition of Real Estate

As with any other income-generating asset, replacing real estate makes sense only if the funds obtained from selling it can be invested in another asset with better returns […]

December 23, 2024 Advanced
Market Efficiency

Dividends Irrelevance

Does it matter if you purchase an Income stock or a Growth stock? Does a company’s decision to distribute dividends or reinvest earnings impact the stock price? The […]

December 22, 2024
Risk

Pitfalls of IRR

Do You Use IRR to Evaluate Projects? Consider This: Many financial professionals use the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for project evaluation, but it can be highly misleading. […]

December 22, 2024
Risk

A+B = (A+B)

Should an Organization Diversify into Different Business Areas? This question is crucial because one of the fundamental principles in financial theory is the principle of value additivity, which […]

December 22, 2024 Basic
Risk

Diversification

How Does Diversification Reduce Risk? In finance, risk refers to the range of deviation from the forecasted or expected returns. This range is often based on historical statistics […]

December 22, 2024 Basic
Risk

Market Risk

In the previous entry, I discussed how diversification can reduce an organization’s specific risks and mentioned that diversification cannot influence overall systemic, or market, risks. Imagine we have […]

December 22, 2024